Miércoles, 17 Febrero 2021 23:31

Item2Finanzas

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Las finanzas corresponden a un área de la economía que estudia la obtención y administración del dinero y el capital, es decir, los recursos financieros. Estudia tanto la obtención de esos recursos (financiación), así como la inversión y el ahorro de los mismos.

Las finanzas estudian cómo los agentes económicos (empresas, familias o Estado) deben tomar decisiones de inversión, ahorro y gasto en condiciones de incertidumbre. Al momento de elegir, los agentes pueden optar por diversos tipos de recursos financieros tales como: dinerobonosacciones o derivados, incluyendo la compra de bienes de capital como maquinarias, edificios y otras infraestructuras. Ver diferencia entre ahorro e inversión.

Los intermediarios financieros son los agentes dedicados a poner en contacto las dos partes de las finanzas, los ahorradores y los que necesitan financiación.

Las finanzas ayudan a controlar los ingresos y gastos, tanto al Gobierno, a las empresas, como a cada uno de nosotros. Tener un buen control de las finanzas nos permite gestionar mejor nuestros recursos, conociendo al detalle todos los ingresos y gastos, para tener un mayor control sobre ellos mismos.

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    Retaliation by other countries is indeed another danger of pulling the tariff lever. Higher tariffs on American exports would typically raise their prices for foreign consumers, hitting demand for the goods in many cases.

    When Trump announced new tariffs this year, America’s major trading partners were quick to strike back with their own levies, although the US then agreed a temporary truce with China and the European Union.

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    One is the loss of jobs in communities that are particularly exposed to new competition from foreign manufacturers.

    That is similar to the impact of technological progress on workers. “Manufacturing jobs as a share of the labor force have come down everywhere. It isn’t a US-specific story,” said Gimber at JPMorgan Asset Management, pointing to automation.

    He drew a parallel between helping workers affected by higher imports and what is known as a just transition — the idea that the drastic changes needed to move toward a greener economy should be fair to everyone and minimize harm to workers and communities.

    In both cases, providing workers in impacted industries with new skills or retraining them could be key, Gimber said.

    Another potential cost of free trade is dependency on far-flung manufacturers. That took on new relevance during the pandemic, which snarled global supply chains, contributing to shortages of products such as face masks and respirators in the US and elsewhere.

    However, economists do not typically see tariffs as a good way to build up domestic manufacturing, Fatas at INSEAD said, noting that subsidies for specific industries are viewed as a better tool “because they work more directly.”

    But perhaps the strongest argument in favor of free trade is its importance to maintaining peace between nations.

    As Gimber’s colleague David Kelly noted in March, closer trade relations give countries more to lose in any conflict.

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